LinuxConvertFiles - IT

All about IT at IAC
IT

Tools

General Info

About IT Web

You are here: IT » LinuxConvertFiles
---+ !!Converting Files under Linux
%TOC%


---++ Convert Images

   * Use the powerful command ==convert==
 <verbatim>
convert file.jpg file.gif
convert file.tiff file.jpg
</verbatim>
 The command ==convert== can convert between several formats and has a lot of options, see ==man convert==

   * Resizing an image
 <verbatim>
convert -resize 50%       file.jpg file_small.jpg
convert -resize 200x200   file.jpg file_small.jpg      # ratio will be kept
convert -resize 1024x768! file.jpg file_desktop.jpg    # ! = force the new size
</verbatim>

   * Rotating an image
 <verbatim>
convert -rotate 90 file.jpg file_new.jpg
</verbatim>


%BR%
---++ Convert between Windows/Mac and Linux text files

   * Use ==dos2unix== and ==unix2dos==
 <verbatim>
dos2unix win.txt linux.txt
mac2unix mac.txt linux.txt
unix2dos linux.txt win_mac.txt
</verbatim>


%BR%
---++ Convert text files between different character encodings

   * Use ==iconv== to convert a text file
 <verbatim>
iconv --from-code=UTF-8 --to-code=ISO-8859-1 text_in_utf-8.txt > text_in_iso-8859-1.txt
</verbatim>


%BR%
---++ Convert PS and EPS Files

There is normally more than one way to convert files. Just try out which tool produces the best results in your case.

   * Convert PS to PDF
 <verbatim>
ps2pdf file.ps
ps2pdf -sPAPERSIZE=a4 -dOptimize=true -dEmbedAllFonts=true file.ps
pstoedit file.ps file.pdf
</verbatim>

   * Convert EPS to PDF
 <verbatim>
epstopdf file.eps
pstoedit file.eps file.pdf
</verbatim>

   * Convert PS to EPS
 <verbatim>
ps2eps file.ps
</verbatim>

   * Convert to a "better" PS
 <verbatim>
ps2ps   file.ps  new.ps    
eps2eps file.eps new.eps   
ps2ps2  file.[ps|eps|pdf] new.ps    # converts to PS level 2
</verbatim>

   * Extract text from PS
 <verbatim>
ps2ascii file.ps file.txt
</verbatim>

   * Convert a postscript file to png
 <verbatim>
gs -r300 -dNOPAUSE -dUseCropBox -dBATCH -sDEVICE=pngalpha -sOutputFile=file.png file.ps    # r300 = resolution of 300 dpi
</verbatim>

   * Convert a postscript file to jpg
 <verbatim>
gs -r300 -dNOPAUSE -dUseCropBox -dBATCH -sDEVICE=jpeg -sOutputFile=file.jpg file.ps    # r300 = resolution of 300 dpi
</verbatim>

   * Convert a transparent eps (in cmyk) to a png file
 <verbatim>
convert -colorspace rgb file.eps file.png
</verbatim>


%BR%
---++ Convert GRIB into NETCDF files

   * Use NCL to convert. First load ncl module
 <verbatim>
module load ncl
</verbatim>

   * Rename your GRIB file. The name should have *.grb* as extension
 <verbatim>
mv mygribfile mygribfile.grb
</verbatim>

   * Convert to NETCDF
 <verbatim>
ncl_convert2nc mygribfile.grb
</verbatim>
 The resulting NETCDF file will be mygribfile.nc

   * For more information see http://www.ncl.ucar.edu/Document/Tools/ncl_convert2nc.shtml



%BR%
---++ Convert PDF Files

   * Use ==pdftops== to convert PDF to PS
 <verbatim>
pdftops file.pdf
</verbatim>
 Note: ==pdf2ps== does also convert PDF to PS, but normally the result is worse.

   * Extract text from PDF
 <verbatim>
pdftotext file.pdf
# or use ps2ascii
pdftops file.pdf
ps2ascii file.ps file.txt
</verbatim>

   * Convert a PDF file to images (one image per page)
 <verbatim>
pdftoppm file.pdf image
</verbatim>
 Convert page 2 (==-f 2==) to page 5 (==-l 5==) with a resoltion of 300 dpi (==-r 300==) to five PPM image files
 <verbatim>
pdftoppm -f 2 -l 5 -r 300 file.pdf image
</verbatim>

   * Extract images from PDF files
 <verbatim>
pdfimages file.pdf image
pdfimages -j file.pdf image    # write images if possible as JPEG files
</verbatim>

   * Open the PDF File with an application and save it in a different format. Programs that can open PDF files:
 <verbatim>
abiword
oowriter
</verbatim>


%BR%
---++ Manipulating PDF Files

   * Use ==pdfedit== to edit PDF Files
 <verbatim>
pdfedit file.pdf
</verbatim>

   * Joining PDF files
 <verbatim>
pdfunite file1.pdf file2.pdf file-new.pdf
pdfjoin file1.pdf file2.pdf                # alternative
</verbatim>

   * Splitting a PDF file into pages
 <verbatim>
qpdf --split-pages file.pdf %d-out.pdf
</verbatim>

   * Extract certain pages from a PDF. For example page 22-36
 <verbatim>
qpdf input.pdf --pages . 1-10 -- output.pdf
pdftops input.pdf - | psselect -p22-36 | ps2pdf - output_p22-p36.pdf
</verbatim>

   * Extract images from PDF files
 <verbatim>
pdfimages -j file.pdf image
</verbatim>

   * Rotating PDF file
 <verbatim>
pdf90 file.pdf
</verbatim>

   * Put several pages on one page:
 <verbatim>
pdfnup --nup 2x1 file.pdf     # 2 pages side by side
pdfnup --nup 2x2 file.pdf     # 4 pages on one page
</verbatim>


   

%BR%
---++ Convert Matlab EPS Files

   * Convert Matlab eps file in a pixel graphic like png, jpg: First convert the eps file into a pdf file. Afterwards convert the pdf file into a png or jpg file
 <verbatim>
epstopdf matlab_plot.eps 
convert -density 100 matlab_plot.pdf matlab_plot.png
</verbatim>
      * Choose a higher number than 100 to get a higher resolution of the image
      * Instead of png you can convert to matlab_plot.jpg

   * Convert Matlab eps file into a .emf file (Enhanced Meta File format). emf is still a vector based format and can be imported by openoffice.
 <verbatim>
pstoedit -pta matlab_plot.eps matlab_plot.emf
</verbatim>
 The crucial option is ==-pta==, which fixes the ugly looking font when you directly import the eps file into openofffice (==-pta== sets correct inter-letter spacing). %BR%
 With the above command the boundary box will be still broken (too large). If you first convert it into a pdf file it will be ok.
 <verbatim>
epstopdf matlab_plot.eps
pstoedit -pta matlab_plot.pdf matlab_plot.emf
</verbatim>


%BR%
---++ Convert tar files into zip files

   * Windows users may not be able to open tar or tar.gz files. The following commands "convert" these files to zip files
 <verbatim>
tar xfv  file.tar    | zip file.zip "-@"
tar xfvz file.tar.gz | zip file.zip "-@"
</verbatim>


%BR%
---++ Convert MS Excel and MS Word files

   * Convert *xls* (Excel) files to csv (comma-separated values) files:
 <verbatim>
xls2csv -x file.xls -c file.cvs -a UTF-8
</verbatim>

   * Convert MS Word to plain text:
 <verbatim>
abiword --to=txt file.doc
</verbatim>

   * Alternatively open the file with *LibreOffice*.



%BR%
---++ Create a Movie out of Images

Programs

   * *mencoder*: Encoding from multiple input image files: http://www.mplayerhq.hu/DOCS/HTML/en/menc-feat-enc-images.html:
   * *convert*: create animated GIFs

Create animated gif with convert
   * Animated gif file created from a series of png or gif files ( see also ==man convert==):
 <verbatim>
convert -delay 30 -loop 0 *.png animated.gif
convert -delay 30 -loop 0 *.gif animated.gif
</verbatim>

*mencoder* takes jpg or png files as imput. *Note: mencoder needs png with 8bit color depth*, use option ==-depth 8==
   * Convert eps to png files
 <verbatim>
mogrify -format png -depth 8 -alpha off -density 600 -resample 150 *.eps
</verbatim>
   * Convert jpg tp png files and keep the quality
 <verbatim>
mogrify -format png -depth 8 -quality 100 *.jpg
</verbatim>

Create movies with mencoder (see also ==man mencoder==)
   * Create AVI movie file with MPEG4 codec (fps = frames per second):
 <verbatim>
mencoder mf://*.jpg -mf fps=5 -ovc lavc -o output_mpeg4.avi
mencoder mf://*.png -mf fps=5 -ovc lavc -o output_mpeg4.avi
</verbatim>
   * Create AVI file with XVID codec
 <verbatim>
mencoder mf://*.png -mf fps=5 -ovc xvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4  -o output_xvid.avi
</verbatim>
   * Create AVI file with X264 codec (use 2 pass mode: pass=1 will analyze the frames, pass=2 will create the movie)
 <verbatim>
mencoder mf://*.png -mf fps=5 -o /dev/null       -ovc x264 -x264encopts pass=1:turbo:bitrate=1600:bframes=1:me=umh:partitions=all:trellis=1:qp_step=4:qcomp=0.7:direct_pred=auto:keyint=300
mencoder mf://*.png -mf fps=5 -o output_x264.avi -ovc x264 -x264encopts pass=2:turbo:bitrate=1600:bframes=1:me=umh:partitions=all:trellis=1:qp_step=4:qcomp=0.7:direct_pred=auto:keyint=300
</verbatim>
   * X264 and XVID codecs create smaller and qualitative better files than MPEG4 codec, where has X264 creates smaller files than XVID.
   * *Note:* For =mencoder= the file should not be too large. 1000x1000 is still fine


%BR%
---++ Convert Movie/Animation Files

   * Convert MPEG4 movie to Quicktime (qtrle) movie
 <verbatim>
ffmpeg -i output_mpeg4.avi -f mov -vcodec qtrle output.mov 
</verbatim>

   * Convert animated GIF into MPEG4 movie. First extract individual pictures out of the animated gif and save them as png files
 <verbatim>
convert animation.gif animation%02d.png
</verbatim>
   Now create out of the png files a MPEG4 movie
 <verbatim>
mencoder mf://*.png -mf fps=5 -ovc lavc -o output_mpeg4.avi
</verbatim>

   * Converting Flash movie 
 <verbatim>
ffmpeg -i myvideo.flv -f avi -vcodec mpeg4 myvideo_mpeg4.avi
</verbatim>



%BR%
---++ Convert Audio Files

   * Convert WAV to MP3. Set the bit rate with option ==-b==
 <verbatim>
lame -b 320 file.wav file.mp3
</verbatim>

   * Convert WAV to OGG. Set quality between -1 (very low) and 10 (very high) with option ==-q==: 
 <verbatim>
oggenc -q 8 file.wav 
</verbatim>

   * Convert audio files using ==sox==
 <verbatim>
sox file.mp3 file.ogg
sox file.ogg file.mp3
</verbatim>

   * Convert media files using ==mplayer==. Mplayer can convert every file format, which he can play, to .wav  
 <verbatim>
mplayer -vo null -vc dummy -af resample=44100 -ao pcm:waveheader:file=output.wav input.xxx
</verbatim>

   * Converting a bunch of files using a for loop (works in bash shell only!)
 <verbatim>
for f in *.wav;  do lame -b 320 "$f" "${f%.wav}.mp3"; done
for f in *.flac; do flac -cd "$f" | lame -b 320 - "${f%.flac}.mp3"; done
for f in *.ogg;  do sox "$f" "${f%.ogg}.mp3"; done
for f in *.ogg;  do oggdec -o - "$f" | lame -b 256 - "${f%.ogg}.mp3"; done
for f in *.wma ; do mplayer -vo null -vc dummy -af resample=44100 -ao pcm:waveheader "$f" && lame -b 256 audiodump.wav -o "${f%.wma}.mp3"; done; rm -f audiodump.wav 
</verbatim>

%BR%
---++ Extract Audio from a Video File

   * Extract MP3 audio from MP4 video 
 <verbatim>
for f in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 320k -f mp3 "${f%.mp4}.mp3"; done
</verbatim>
   * Extract MP3 audio from MKV video 
 <verbatim>
for f in *.mkv; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -vn -ar 44100 -ac 2 -ab 320k -f mp3 "${f%.mkv}.mp3"; done
</verbatim>






<!--
   * Set DENYTOPICVIEW =
-->
View
Changed by UrsBeyerle on 27 Nov 2020 - 12:35 - r34
Copyright © by the contributing authors. All material on this collaboration platform is the property of the contributing authors.
Ideas, requests, problems regarding Wiki? Send feedback
Syndicate this site RSS ATOM